A large number of hindus lived in ghazni, and they enjoyed religious freedom. Biography of mahmud of ghazni, first sultan in history thoughtco. Mahmud had great passion for collecting scholars at ghazni containing a. By the end of his reign, the ghaznavid empire extended from kurdistan in the west to samarkand in the northeast, and from the caspian sea to. Mahmud of ghazni was the most successful ruler of ghaznavid empire, which included parts of modern afghanistan, iran, and northwestern india. Conquests of mahmud ghaznavi alptigin, one of the turkish. Mahmoud of ghazni, the leader of the ghaznavids and the most prominent ruler of the ghaznavids, was an ardent muslim. The scholar abu rayhan albiruni 9731048 ad, one of the fathers of sociology, came to india with mahmud of ghazni. A study of generalship of mahmud of ghazni 121 the sultan was a great patron of learning and his court was the rendezvous of scholars from all parts of the muslim world. Tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni by firishtah, muhammad qasim hindu shah astarabadi.
Originally published in 1931, this book presents a historical account regarding the life and times of mahmud of ghazni. Mahmud of ghazni november 971 30 april 1030, also known as mahmudi zabuli, was the most prominent ruler of the ghaznavid empire. Mahmud of ghazni 9711030 was the first sultan of the ghaznavid dynasty in afghanistan. Mahmud of ghazni was more of a fanatic who wanted to spread islam in india and enrich his kingdom. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books for an. Please upload pdf file mahmud of ghazni and rajendra chola were the most powerful rulers in south asia in the 11th century. Motives of the invasion of mahmud ghaznavi on indopakistan. Lahore also became a great center of learning and culture. Ghazni citadel, the minarets of ghazni, the palace of sultan masud iii and several other cultural heritage sites have brought travellers and archeologists to the city for centuries, and in 20, isesco declared ghazni the years islamic capital of culture. Chapter 2 the idolbreaker mahmud of ghazni 9971030. His full name was abd alqasim mahmud and his official title was sultan, while his unofficial title was yeminud devle the right hand of the state and his family name, or surname, was ibn sebuk tegin. Mahmud of ghazni circa 1020 timeline homeland afghanistan.
The sultan mahmud loved books and honored learned men. He conquered the eastern portions of the persian empire including, modern afghanistan, and the northwestern indian subcontinent modern pakistan from 997 to his death in 1030. When subuktagin attacked king jaipal, mahmud fought for his father in the battlefield. Sultan mahmud of ghazni looted all the wealth of the temple. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle. He was 6 years old when his father sabugtagin became the ruler of ghazni. Detailed information is given on mahmud s seventeen expeditions into northwestern india, with a particular emphasis on their geographical setting. Sultan mahmud of ghazni, afghanistan ruled from 997 to 1030, and extended control over parts of central asia, iran and the northwestern part of the subcontinent. Mahmud of ghazni simple english wikipedia, the free. Nov 03, 2018 mahmud of ghazni in 998 ad, the turkish conqueror, mahmud of ghazni, succeeded his father, and established a huge empire in central asia, with capital at ghazni, the presentday south kabul.
Subuktgin the father of mehmud had also attacked jaipal but war ended a draw. Mahmud ghaznavi is known as one of the greatest conquerors. He raided the subcontinent almost every year his targets were wealthy temples, including that of somnath, gujarat. Mehmud of ghazni plundered india 17 times and he attacked different indian rulers. Some opine that in all, twelve invasions were made while some others write that seventeen invasions were made by mahmood on india. His first attack was against king jaipal of sindh and punjab. May 24, 2016 in 1026 mahmud ghazni invaded the port city of somnath and desecrated the saivaite temple.
Mar 02, 2009 the idea of propagation of islam had ceased to be considered a part of the duty of the sovereign at the time of sultan mahmud. Mahmud was the son of sabuktigin, a turkopersian slave of the yamini tribe who served alptigin, the turkish adventurer. Complete information of mahmud ghaznis invasions of india. He was 27 years old then and the first ruler to get the title as sultan, which means authority, thereby implying his power and strength. Persian author of the great epic poem shahnameh book of kings. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books for. May 20, 2017 sultan mahmud of ghazni was born on nov. Sultan mahmud of ghazni by mohammad habib goodreads. The life and times of sultan mahmud of ghazna by muhammad. Mahmud, after this victory, pushed on through the punjab to nagark6t kangra, and carried off much spoil from the hindu temples to enrich his treasury at ghazni. As a study of an alien civilization his book represents the peak of muslim. In 10, during mahmud s 8th expedition into eastern. When he was young, mahmud helped his father gain land through military campaigns against turk nobles. Abolfazl beyhaghi, ferdowsi give glowing descriptions of the magnificence of the capital and of the conquerors munificent support of literature.
A concise biography of sultan mahmud ghaznavi is written. Mahmud also obtained formal recognition of his sovereignty from the abbasid khalifah, alqadir billah, who also conferred upon him the titles of yaminuddawlah and aminulmillah. Mahmud ghaznavis 17 invasions of india work in progress. List of the treasure looted by mahmud of gazni abu nasr muhammad utbi was the secretary of sultan mahumud.
The life and times of sultan mahmud of ghazna download. Mahmud, the first king of ghaznavids, established the center of their empire in ghazni, in southeastern afghanistan. Mahmud of ghazni news newspapers books scholar jstor september 2015 learn how and when to remove this. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or. Tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni by firishtah, muhammad qasim hindu. Habib says in his book sultan mahmud of ghazni that, the nonreligious character of his expeditions will be obvious to the critic who has grasped the salient feature of the age. In 1026 mahmud ghazni invaded the port city of somnath and desecrated the saivaite temple. While he acknowledged the abbasids as caliph as a matter of form, he was also granted the title sultan as recognition of his independence by the end of his reign, the ghaznavid empire extended from ray in the west to samarkand in the northeast, and from the caspian sea to the yamuna. Alptigin was earlier awarded the province of ghazni is eastern afghanistan by the caliph of baghdad in return for his military assistance. It attacked from the wrong quarter, occupied the least productive province, and was too feebly supported to spread farther. In 997, he overthrew his younger brother, ismail, who had been.
Mahmud of ghazni article about mahmud of ghazni by the. Arnold schwarzenegger this speech broke the internet and most inspiring speech it changed my life. Click download or read online button to get the life and times of sultan mahmud of ghazna book now. Ghazni the name meaning jewel is an ancient city with a rich history. Aburayhanalbiruni born 987 ad was a muslim scientist and historian attached to the court of mahmud of ghazni, the ravager of india. Mahmud of ghazni was the first independent ruler of the turkic dynasty of ghaznavids, ruling. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern iran proper to the punjab in the indian subcontinent, khwarazm in transoxiana, and makran. His title signified that the muslim caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now iran, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, kyrgyzstan, afghanistan, pakistan, and. Invasions from ghazni india at the time of the invasions. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmud ighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. Situated on a plateau at 2,219 metres 7,280 ft above sea level, the. Ghazni became one of the most important and beautiful cities of the islamic world. Mahmud preferred that his fame and glory be publicized in persian and hundreds of poets assembled at his court. In 1005 mahmud of ghazni invaded bhatia probably bhera and in 1006 he invaded multan at which time ananda palas army attacked him.
He transformed his capital, ghazna modern ghazni, afghanistan, into a cultural centre. Sultan mahmud ghaznavi life history book hut a concise biography of sultan mahmud ghaznavi is written. Aside from his numerous conquests of india and extending his empire, mahmud is known for developing the city of ghazni into a cultural center of the entire region. Find information about mahmud ghaznis invasions of india, its venue, year, reasons, winner, loser and aftermath of the battles. He wrote a remarkably candid book titled kitabulhind, perhaps the first comprehensive book on india and its people. The wealth brought back from the mahmud s indian expeditions to ghazni was enormous, and contemporary historians e. Crowds of poets sang his praises and he is said to have spent on them 400,000 dinars annually. Turkopersian narratives gave, thapar points out, grossly exaggerated claims of the quantum of loot and people killed, a formulaic 50,000. Mahmud sultan of ghazni 9711030 worldcat identities. Mahmud of ghazni november 2, 971 april 30, 1030, turk. He even attempted to persuade avicenna, but was refused.
Price new from used from paperback, import, july 30, 1981 please retry. Jun 18, 2017 mahmud of ghazni was born in ad 971 in the town of ghazni, khorasan which is today in the southeastern part of afghanistan. Mahmud of ghazni in 998 ad, the turkish conqueror, mahmud of ghazni, succeeded his father, and established a huge empire in central asia, with capital at ghazni, the presentday south kabul. Saad salman, a poet of those times, has written about the academic and cultural life of lahore. By the end of his reign, the ghaznavid empire extended from kurdistan in the west to samarkand in. He turned the former provincial city of ghazni into the rich capital of an extensive empire which included modernday afghanistan, most of iran, and parts of northwest india including modernday pakistan.
Detailed information is given on mahmuds seventeen expeditions into northwestern india, with a particular emphasis on their geographical setting. Find information about mahmud ghazni s invasions of india, its venue, year, reasons, winner, loser and aftermath of the battles. We hear no more of the arabs as conquerors in india. Biography of mahmud of ghazni, first sultan in history. His father, sabuktigin, was a turkic slave commander who laid foundations to the ghaznavid dynasty in ghazni in 977, which he ruled as a subordinate of the samanids, who ruled khorasan and transoxiana. Mahmud of ghazni project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. Immediately download the mahmud of ghazni summary, chapterbychapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more everything you need for studying or teaching mahmud of ghazni. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books. He helped to convert the population of afghanistan to islam. Detailed information is given on mahmuds seventeen expeditions into northwestern india, with a particular emphasis on their. His title signified that the muslim caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now iran, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, kyrgyzstan, afghanistan. Know the overall place and significance of mahmud ghazni s 17 times. What are the differences of invasion between muhammad of. He noted and clearly mentions the treasure collected by his master during the 17 invasions in india.
The city is strategically located along highway 1, which has served as the main road between kabul and southern afghanistan for thousands of years. Though mahmud was the elder son of his father, it is said that in his last days, subuktagin was not happy with mahmud. Summary of mahmud ghazni and mohammed ghori youtube. Oct 10, 2016 arnold schwarzenegger this speech broke the internet and most inspiring speech it changed my life. Jun 01, 2003 mahmud also obtained formal recognition of his sovereignty from the abbasid khalifah, alqadir billah, who also conferred upon him the titles of yaminuddawlah and aminulmillah. Albiruni traveled to india and there studied sanskrit and translated texts into arabic and persian. List of the treasure looted by mahmud of gazni ulta din. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Turkopersian narratives gave, thapar points out, grossly exaggerated claims of the quantum of. He is considered to be the first ruler with the title of sultan.
The following year mahmud of ghazni attacked and crushed sukha pala, ruler of bathinda who had become ruler by rebelling against the shahi kingdom. History books story time pdf bookcases afghanistan scientists muslim personality wallpapers. In his home base at ghazni, he built a library to rival that of the abbasid caliphs. Sultan mahmud, modelling the samanid bukhara as a cultural center, made ghazni into a center of learning, inviting ferdowsi and albiruni. A zealous sunni moslem, he plundered wealthy india and used the booty to patronize culture in ghazni, making it the center of persoislamic civilization. The idea of propagation of islam had ceased to be considered a part of the duty of the sovereign at the time of sultan mahmud. Mahmud was born in the town of ghazni in the region of zabulistan now presentday afghanistan on 2 november 971. Born in 971, mahmud ghaznavi was the elder son of subuktagin, the king of ghazni. He spent his last five years in dealing with the affairs of ghazni and in making plans to conquer central asia. Sultan got an excellent education in his childhood.
To quote firishta, among the spoils of the temple was a chain of gold, weighing 200 muns, which hung from the top of the building by a ring. He conquered the eastern portions of the persian empire including, modern afghanistan, and the northwestern indian subcontinent modern pakistan from 997 to. Chapter 2 the idolbreaker mahmud of ghazni 9971030 a. His attacks were mostly directed on the religious places of the hindus. His father, abu mansur sabuktegin, was a mamluk warrior slave of turkic origin, and the founder of the ghaznavid empire. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Mahmud, a turkish chieftain of ghazni i aghanistan, award of his strength and influence, destroyed these kingdoms one after the other and united the whole of. In 1011 mahmud, after a short campaign against the afghans under mahommed ibn sur in the hill country of ghur, marched again into the punjab. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. There is a sharp difference of opinion regarding the number of invasions made by mahmood on india.